Effect of Bushen Yisui Capsule () on oligodendrocyte lineage genes 1 and 2 in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Bushen Yisui Capsule (, BSYSC) on the oligodendrocyte lineage genes (Olig) 1 and Olig2 in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in order to explore the remyelination effect of BSYSC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC), EAE model (EAE-M), prednisone acetate (PA, 6 mg/kg), BSYSC high-dose (3.02 g/kg) and BSYSC low-dose (1.51 g/kg) groups. The mice were induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55. The neurological function scores were assessed once daily. The pathological changes in mice brains were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The protein expressions of myelin basic protein (MBP), Olig1 and Olig2 in brains were measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expressions of Olig1 and Olig 2 was also determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the EAE-M mice, (1) the neurological function scores were significantly decreased in BSYSC-treated mice on days 22 to 40 (P<0.01); (2) the inflammatory cells and demyelination in brains were reduced in BSYSC-treated EAE mice; (3) the protein expression of MBP was markedly increased in BSYSC-treated groups on day 18 and 40 respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01); (4) the protein expression of Olig1 was increased in BSYSC (3.02 g/kg)-treated EAE mice on day 40 (P<0.01). Protein and mRNA expression of Olig2 was increased in BSYSC-treated EAE mice on day 18 and 40 (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effects of BSYSC on reducing demyelination and promoting remyelination might be associated with the increase of Olig1 and Olig2.</p>

Clinical features of neuromyelitis optica and the distribution of Chinese medical syndrome types: a case report of 63 cases / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients, and to study the distribution of Chinese medical syndrome types and the pathogenesis of NMO.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical features, figures of tongue and pulse, Chinese medical syndromes were comprehensively analyzed in 63 NMO patients using statistical methods for clinical data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age ratio of male to female in 63 NMO patients was 1: 6.88. Their average age of first onset was 31.67 +/- 12.44 years old, and 28. 57% of patients had obvious inducing factor. Urgent onset with relieved recurrence were often seen, with the average recurrence times of 4.60. Most patients complained about sensation disorders, vision disorders, and movement disorders as their first attack and visit. The Chinese medical syndrome types included Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome and phlegm-heat collateral stagnation syndrome, mainly involved Gan and Shen. Gan-Shen yin deficiency, sputum, blood stasis, and heat were most often seen syndrome elements.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gan-Shen yin deficiency was dominated in the deficiency in origin of NMO. Phlegm, blood stasis, mingled heat were main dominant evils. Of them, the pathogenesis of Gan-Shen yin deficiency and phlegm-heat collateral stagnation had universality and representativeness, which could be verified from patients' tongue picture and pulse picture.</p>

Research on the mechanism of Zuogui Pill and Yougui Pill in promoting axonal regeneration in model rats of autoimmune encephalomyelitis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the molecular mechanism of Zuogui Pill (ZGP) and Yougui Pill (YGP) on axonal regeneration in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EAE rat model was established by bilateral rear pedes subcutaneous injection of antigen made by mixing myelin basic protein (MBP) and complete Freud's adjuvant (CFA) in the volume ratio of 1:1. The pathological changes of axonal injury and regeneration in the brain and the spinal cord were observed on the 14th (the acute stage) and the 28th day (the remission stage) after modeling, with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, silver stain, and immunohistochemical staining. The rats treated with prednisone acetate were taken as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Observation under the light microscope with HE staining showed a sleeve-like change in rats' cerebrospinal parenchyma with inflammatory cell infiltration around the small vessels and neuronic denaturation, while silver staining showed excessive tumefaction and abscission of axon, and immunohistochemical analysis showed decreasing of nerve growth factor (NGF) expression at the acute stage of EAE, which was even more remarkable at the remission stage, showing significant difference as compared with the normal control (P<0.05). And the expressions of Nogo A, an axon growth inhibitor, and its receptor (Nogo-66 receptor, Ng R) were significantly higher than those in the normal control at the acute stage (P<0.01). However, after the intervention of ZGP and YGP, the pathological changes and axon damage in rats' brain and spinal cord were much more alleviated, and the NGF expression was significantly higher than that in the model group at the acute stage (P<0.05). The expression of NGF was even stronger during the remission stage, and a better effect was shown by YGP. As for Nogo A and Ng R expressions, they were significantly lower than those in the model group at the acute stage (P<0.05), but a better effect was shown by ZGP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ZGP and YGP can prevent axonal injury and promote the axonal regeneration in rats of EAE, and the possible mechanism is to increase the expression of NGF and reduce the expression of Nogo A and its receptor. However, some differences are observed between the two Chinese preparations in their acting times and points, which provides a certain basis for revealing the modern connotation of the Chinese medicine theory on tonifying Shen ()-yin and Shen-yang.</p>

Study on the mechanism of acupuncture at Daling (PC 7) for mental diseases by fMRI / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the central nervous mechanism of acupuncture at Daling (PC 7) treating mental diseases by fMRI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Acupuncture stimulation was given at Daling (PC 7) in each subject with a stimulating pattern, "rest-stimulation-rest-stimulation-rest". The fMRI data were analyzed with SPM 2 software package.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The activating areas of acupuncture at Daling (PC 7) were mainly on Brodmann 46/47/44/9 areas of inferior frontal gyrus, Brodmann 6 area of middle frontal gyrus, Brodmann 22 area of superior temporal gyrus and Brodmann 40 area of postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobule.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pathogenetic factors of mental diseases are very complicated, damange or hypofunction or inadequate activation of frontal lobe and temporal lobe are closely related with mental diseases. Therefore, activating the frontal and temporal lobe possibly is one of the mechanisms of acupuncture at Daling (PC 7) treating mental diseases.</p>

Study on immunological pathogenesis of 59 patients with multiple sclerosis of different TCM syndrome types / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the immunological pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients of different TCM syndrome types.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-nine MS patients were assigned to two types by syndrome typing according to their clinical manifestations, the Gan-Shen yin-deficiency (GSYD, 40 cases) type and the both yin-yang deficiency (YYD, 19 cases) type. Difference of patients' age of first attack, times of relapsing, duration of disease, MRI finding and evoked potential between the two groups were compared. The immunology indexes were also compared in part of the patients (26 cases in GSYD type and 12 cases in YYD type).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of first attack was later (P < 0.01), level of myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid was higher (P < 0.05), in the YYD type than those in the GSYD type. Besides, the relapsing time in GSYD type, and the blood-brain barrier index and level of myelin basic protein in YYD type showed an ascending trend (P = 0.056, 0.074, 0.093, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Immunological difference exists between the MS patients of GSYD type and those of YYD type.</p>

Review of study on the mechanism of active ingredients of single Chinese drug in treating intracerebral hemorrhage / 中国中西医结合杂志

Domestic and overseas literature of clinical and experimental study in recent years concerning treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by active ingredients of single Chinese drug was reviewed, and the therapeutic mechanism, acting pathways and clinical effect of these ingredients were also explored in this paper.

Study on the syndrome-effect relationship of treatment for post-craniotomy fever treated by combination of naoreqing oral liquid and western medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the antifebrile effect of Naoreqing oral liquid (NRQ) in treating post-craniotomic fever, its relationship with the Syndrome type of fever, and the effect of treatment in improving main symptoms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients were randomly divided, according to the ward they accommodated, into three groups, the 86 patients in the TCM group treated with NRQ, the 276 in the TCM-WM group with NRQ plus western medicine (WM) and the 89 in the WM group with WM alone. The antifebrile effect of treatment and the degree of body temperature subsidence in groups were compared, relationship between TCM Syndrome type and antifebrile effect was analyzed and the changes of scores of main symptoms before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The degree of body temperature subsidence and the total antifebrile effective rate in the TCM and the TCM-WM group were similar and better than those in the WM group (P < 0.01). In the TCM-WM group, the antifebrile effects in patients with various Syndrome types, in high to low order, were Dampness-Heat type > Inner-Heat type > Phlegm-Heat type, and the treatment showed definite antifebrile effect in improving main symptoms of patients of various types.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combination of NRQ and WM has definite antifebrile effect in treating post-craniotomic fever, in a Syndrome-effect dependent manner. At the same time, it also could markedly relieve the various symptoms in patients.</p>